英语笔译实务三级模拟试卷(一)

考试总分:100分

考试类型:模拟试题

作答时间:180分钟

已答人数:122

试卷答案:没有

试卷介绍: 现为大家带来的是翻译专业资格考试英语笔译实务三级模拟试卷(一),有需要的小伙伴不要错过。

开始答题

试卷预览

  • 1. When night falls in remote parts of Africa and the Indian subcontinent, hundreds of millions of people without access to electricity turn to candles or flammable and polluting kerosene lamps for illumination.Slowly through small loans for solar powered devices, microfinance is bringing light to these rural regions where a lack of electricity has stymied economic development, literacy rates and health. A woman sews clothes on a sewing machine driven by solar energy in Ahmedabad/Photo credit: Amit Dave/Reuters.
    "Earlier, they could not do much once the sun set. Now, the sun is used differently. They have increased their productivity, improved their health and socio-economic status," said Pinal Shah from SEWA Bank, a micro-lending institution.
    Vegetable seller Ramiben Waghri took out a loan to buy a solar lantern which she uses to light up her stall at night. The lantern costs between $66-$112, about a week´s income for Waghri.
    "The vegetables look better by this light, and it´s cheaper than kerosene and doesn´t smell," said Waghri, who estimates she makes about 300 rupees ($6) more each evening with her lantern.
    "If we can use the sun to save some money, why not?"
    In India, solar power projects, often funded by micro credit institutions, are helping the country reduce carbon emissions and achieve its goal to double the contribution of renewable energy to 6%, or 25,000 megawatts, within the next four years.
    Off-grid applications such as solar cookers and lanterns, which can provide several hours of light at night after being charged by the sun during the day, will help cut dependence on fossil fuels and reduce the fourth biggest emitter´s carbon footprint, said Pradeep Dadhich, a senior fellow at energy research institute TERI.
    "They are reaching people who otherwise have limited or no access to electricity, and depend on kerosene, diesel or firewood for their energy needs," he said.
    "The applications not only satisfy these needs, they also improve the quality of life and reduce the carbon footprint."
    SEWA or Self Employed Women´s Association, is among a growing number of microfinance institutions in India focused on providing affordable renewable energy sources to poor people, who otherwise would have had to stand for hours to buy kerosene for lamps, or trudge miles to collect firewood for cooking.
    SKS Microfinance, India´s largest MFI, offers solar lamps to its 5 million customers, while Grameen Surya Bijlee (Rural Solar Electricity) Foundation helps fund lamps and home and street lighting systems for villagers in India, Nepal and Bangladesh.
  • 1. 情感是人们对于某种重大事件或想法产生的感觉或反应。人们都喜欢享受像爱、幸福和满意等情感,也尽量避免去感受像孤独、焦虑和悲痛等情感。人们通过语言、各种声音、面部表情和手势等来交流自己的情感。比如说,气愤有可能使人皱眉、握拳或者尖叫。虽然遗传可能决定人们在情感上的一些行为表现,但是更多的时候是从社会其他成员那里学会了表达情感的方式。研究表明,那些被隔离的不同人群在表达情感的时候有着相似的面部表情。
    以自然选择理论闻名的克莱尔·达尔文也研究情感。1872年,达尔文提出,情感的行为最初是为了生存需要和交流。根据詹姆斯·兰格于19世纪80年代提出的情感理论,一个人体内对心跳加速和血压升高这些生理变化作出反应,并且只有在意识到这些变化的时候,才会有不同情感的产生。但是这个理论在另一个研究中——在一只神经受损的猫身上所进行的研究——没有得到支持。猫感觉不到内在的变化,但是它的行为很正常。一个名叫约翰·沃森的美国心理学家发现了叫作行动主义的心理学派。他观察到被某事所刺激的婴儿会表现出三种基本情感——害怕、生气和喜欢。1919年,沃森提出了这个观点,此后,它经常遭到挑战。
    最被广泛接受的观点就是情感伴随着一系列复杂事件一起发生。当一个人遇到重大的事情或想法的时候,这一些复杂的反应就开始了。那么一个人对这些事情或想法的解释决定了他在随后会有什么样的情感。例如,在树林里遇到熊的人可能会把这个事件理解为危险,危险的感觉会让这个人感觉恐惧。每种感觉都会伴随着生理变化和采取行动的欲望,这就是对引发先后顺序的事件的反应。因此,遇到熊的人可能会逃走。
    一些神经学家进一步独立地发展了这种理论,认为人至少有8种情感。分别是:生气、害怕、高兴、伤心、赞同、厌恶、惊讶以及兴趣或好奇。它们能够在不同程度的情感中存在。然后这些情感相互结合就会产生其他情感,好比在绘画中,由几种特定的原料相互搭配可以产生其他色调一样。